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Parts of Desktop Presentation Transcript
1.Parts of Desktop
2.Power Supply - The power supply comes with the case, but this component is mentioned separately since there are various types of power supplies. The one you should get depends on the requirements of your system. This will be discussed in more detail later Motherboard - This is where the core components of your computer reside which are listed below. Also the support cards for video, sound, networking and more are mounted into this board.
Microprocessor - This is the brain of your computer. It performs commands and instructions and controls the operation of the computer.
Memory - The RAM in your system is mounted on the motherboard. This is memory that must be powered on to retain its contents.
Microprocessor - This is the brain of your computer. It performs commands and instructions and controls the operation of the computer.
Memory - The RAM in your system is mounted on the motherboard. This is memory that must be powered on to retain its contents.
Drive controllers - The drive controllers control the interface of your system to your hard drives. The controllers let your hard drives work by controlling their operation. On most systems, they are included on the motherboard, however you may add additional controllers for faster or other types of drives.
Hard disk drive(s) - This is where your files are permanently stored on your computer. Also, normally, your operating system is installed here. CD-ROM drive(s) - This is normally a read only drive where files are permanently stored.
Hard disk drive(s) - This is where your files are permanently stored on your computer. Also, normally, your operating system is installed here. CD-ROM drive(s) - This is normally a read only drive where files are permanently stored.
There are now read/write CD-ROM drives that use special software to allow users to read from and write to these drives. Floppy drive(s) - A floppy is a small disk storage device that today typically has about 1.4 Megabytes of memory capacity Other possible file storage devices include DVD devices, Tape backup devices, and some others.
3.Inside CPU
4.There have been several types of expansion buses.
ISA - Industry Standard Architecture. Used when the original 8088 8bit microprocessor based personal computers were produced.
EISA - Extended ISA used when the 80286 through 80486 series microprocessors were being produced. This bus is still used but is being phased out and is almost gone today.
MCI - Microchannel architecture by IBM and used mainly on IBM brand computers.
PCI - Peripheral Component Interconnect. The popular expansion bus of choice. It is significantly faster than EISA.
AGP - Accelerated Graphics Port. This bus is developed for fast video cards. It is currently up to 4X mode speed.
ISA - Industry Standard Architecture. Used when the original 8088 8bit microprocessor based personal computers were produced.
EISA - Extended ISA used when the 80286 through 80486 series microprocessors were being produced. This bus is still used but is being phased out and is almost gone today.
MCI - Microchannel architecture by IBM and used mainly on IBM brand computers.
PCI - Peripheral Component Interconnect. The popular expansion bus of choice. It is significantly faster than EISA.
AGP - Accelerated Graphics Port. This bus is developed for fast video cards. It is currently up to 4X mode speed.
The current popular expansion bus is the PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) bus for all cards except the graphics cards. For graphics cards, the bus of choice is AGP. Most motherboards today have one AGP slot and several PCI slots. Your expansion cards will plug into these card slots. Be sure you get cards that match the available type of slots on your motherboard.
5.My microprocessor runs at 500Mhz and my memory runs at 100Mhz. Why?
What is Hz ?
As PC technology grew, eventually the access speed of the memory could no longer keep pace with the increased speed of the microprocessors. At this point, an I/O cache was placed on the microprocessor to be a buffer between the external memory on the motherboard and the internal processor registers. The memory was set to run at a different "side bus" speed which is some fraction of the microprocessor speed.
What is Hz ?
As PC technology grew, eventually the access speed of the memory could no longer keep pace with the increased speed of the microprocessors. At this point, an I/O cache was placed on the microprocessor to be a buffer between the external memory on the motherboard and the internal processor registers. The memory was set to run at a different "side bus" speed which is some fraction of the microprocessor speed.
Therefore when the speed of the microprocessor is set, it is set to some multiple of the side bus speed. In the case of a 500Mhz processor and 100Mhz PC100 capable memory, that multiple is 5. Sometimes this multiple and the sidebus frequency is set using jumpers on the motherboard, or it may be set with auto detection and the BIOS. You will need to consult your motherboard manual to determine how to set these parameters.
6.Chipset and BIOS
The chipset is used to control the interface between the microprocessor and most of the devices and memory on the computer. The chipset used can have a significant affect on the performance of your system as can the overall design of the motherboard.
Your system's BIOS is a computer program that allows your system to begin running and provides a small library fo function that your system will use to interface to various devices such as your hard drive. Some BIOS programs can limit the location on your hard drive where you can install bootable operating systems. The BIOS resides in a chip on the motherboard called a ROM chip. Usually part of this ROM can be reset or re programmed with updates. ROM that can be electrically re-written this way is called "flash" ROM.
The chipset is used to control the interface between the microprocessor and most of the devices and memory on the computer. The chipset used can have a significant affect on the performance of your system as can the overall design of the motherboard.
Your system's BIOS is a computer program that allows your system to begin running and provides a small library fo function that your system will use to interface to various devices such as your hard drive. Some BIOS programs can limit the location on your hard drive where you can install bootable operating systems. The BIOS resides in a chip on the motherboard called a ROM chip. Usually part of this ROM can be reset or re programmed with updates. ROM that can be electrically re-written this way is called "flash" ROM.
7.Microprocessor
The microprocessor is the center of your computer. It processes instructions and communicates with outside devices, controlling most of the operation of the computer. The microprocessor usually has a large heat sink attached to it. Some microprocessors come in a package with a heat sink and a fan included as a part of the package. Other microprocessors require you to install the heat sink and fan separately. This is not a difficult problem, but can be a bit daunting when the buyer wants to make sure they get the correct parts to fit their microprocessor. Also the buyer needs to make sure they will get the motherboard that their microprocessor will work with
The microprocessor is the center of your computer. It processes instructions and communicates with outside devices, controlling most of the operation of the computer. The microprocessor usually has a large heat sink attached to it. Some microprocessors come in a package with a heat sink and a fan included as a part of the package. Other microprocessors require you to install the heat sink and fan separately. This is not a difficult problem, but can be a bit daunting when the buyer wants to make sure they get the correct parts to fit their microprocessor. Also the buyer needs to make sure they will get the motherboard that their microprocessor will work with
8.Microprocessors and Mounting
The mounting method refers to the type of connection the microprocessor makes with the motherboard.
The mounting method refers to the type of connection the microprocessor makes with the motherboard.
9.Computer Memory
The term DRAM stands for Dynamic Random Access Memory.
SDRAM - Synchronized DRAM inputs and outputs its data synchronized to a clock that runs at some fraction of the microprocessor speed. SDRAM is the fastest of these three types of DRAM. There is a new SDRAM called DDR (Double Data Rate) SDRAM which allows data reads on both the rising and falling edge of the synchronized clock.
Cache Memory
The term DRAM stands for Dynamic Random Access Memory.
SDRAM - Synchronized DRAM inputs and outputs its data synchronized to a clock that runs at some fraction of the microprocessor speed. SDRAM is the fastest of these three types of DRAM. There is a new SDRAM called DDR (Double Data Rate) SDRAM which allows data reads on both the rising and falling edge of the synchronized clock.
Cache Memory
Cache memory is special memory that operates much faster than SDRAM memory. It is also more expensive. It would be impractical to use this memory for the entire system both for reasons of expense and physical board and bus channel design requirements. Cache memory lies between the microprocessor and the system RAM. It is used as a buffer to reduce the time of memory access. There are two levels to this memory called L1 (level 1) and L2 (level 2). The level 1 memory is a part of the microprocessor, and the level 2 memory is just outside the microprocessor.
10.Hard Drive(s)
Hard drives consist of a series of round metal plates called platters, also called cylinders. They are coated with an electromagnetic material which can support magnetic states that are capable of being electrically altered. This means some type of electrical signal can alter the magnetic polarization of various areas of the plates. The state of these polarized areas can also be sensed.
Hard drives consist of a series of round metal plates called platters, also called cylinders. They are coated with an electromagnetic material which can support magnetic states that are capable of being electrically altered. This means some type of electrical signal can alter the magnetic polarization of various areas of the plates. The state of these polarized areas can also be sensed.
Each platter can hold large amounts of data. There are several platters mounted on a hard drive. Between each platter is a head which is used to sense and modify the states of the platter. There are two heads on each platter.
11.Tracks
Each platter has data stored on it in a specific pattern for read and write access. The data is organized into tracks which are rings around the platter. The distance the head moves into the platter will determine which track is read. A sector is a section of data in the cylinder. Different hard drives have different numbers of sectors, tracks, and platters. The total storage space on the hard drive is traditionally equal to:
Each platter has data stored on it in a specific pattern for read and write access. The data is organized into tracks which are rings around the platter. The distance the head moves into the platter will determine which track is read. A sector is a section of data in the cylinder. Different hard drives have different numbers of sectors, tracks, and platters. The total storage space on the hard drive is traditionally equal to:
Sector size times sectors/track times tracks/cylinder times the number of cylinders.
With more modern drives, however, to increase storage space, some drives have more sectors on the outer tracks than the inner tracks. This is because there is more physical room for data on the outer tracks. Therefore this method of calculating hard drive capacity may not be effective in the future.
With more modern drives, however, to increase storage space, some drives have more sectors on the outer tracks than the inner tracks. This is because there is more physical room for data on the outer tracks. Therefore this method of calculating hard drive capacity may not be effective in the future.
12.Platter
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