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1.WATER POLLUTION AND ITS LEGISLATION
2.Introduction
70% of the Earth’s surface.
Precious natural resources.
Essential for everything on this planet.
70% of the Earth’s surface.
Precious natural resources.
Essential for everything on this planet.
3.70% of the Earth’s surface.
Precious natural resources.
Essential for everything on this planet.
Precious natural resources.
Essential for everything on this planet.
4.According to the American, College Dictionary, pollution is defined as: “to make foul or unclean; dirty.”
5.Causes of Water Pollution
Sewage and fertilizers contain nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates.
Silt and other suspended solids, such as soil, wash off ploughed fields, construction and logging sites, urban areas, and eroded river banks when it rains.
Sewage and fertilizers contain nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates.
Silt and other suspended solids, such as soil, wash off ploughed fields, construction and logging sites, urban areas, and eroded river banks when it rains.
6. Polluted River in the United Kingdom
The pollution of rivers and streams with chemical contaminants has become one of the most crucial environmental problems within the 20th century.
The pollution of rivers and streams with chemical contaminants has become one of the most crucial environmental problems within the 20th century.
7.How does Water Pollution Occur?
Contaminated water is returned again to the source like lakes, rivers etc.
Sewage water without treated is discharged into waterways.
Rain water runoff from urban and industrial areas and agricultural land and mining operations makes way back to receiving waters and into ground.
Contaminated water is returned again to the source like lakes, rivers etc.
Sewage water without treated is discharged into waterways.
Rain water runoff from urban and industrial areas and agricultural land and mining operations makes way back to receiving waters and into ground.
8.Pathways of Contamination
9.Types of Water Pollution
Microbiological
Chemical
Oxygen Depleting Substances
Nutrients
Suspended Matter
Microbiological
Chemical
Oxygen Depleting Substances
Nutrients
Suspended Matter
10.Effects of water pollution
11.Definition of water pollution
Water pollution is the contamination of water by foreign matter such as micro-organisms, industrial or other wastes, or sewage.
Such matter deteriorates the quality of the water and renders it unfit for its intended uses.
12.Effects of water pollution
When pollution makes water unsuitable for drinking, recreation, agriculture and industry, it eventually also diminishes the aesthetic quality of lakes and rivers.
13.Effects of water pollution.
Contaminated water destroys aquatic life and reduces its reproductive abilities, it eventually menaces human health.
14.Effects of water pollution.
Many areas of ground water and surface water are now contaminated with heavy metals, POP (persistent organic pollutants) and nutrients that have an adverse affect on health.
15.Effects of water pollution.
Water-borne diseases are infectious diseases spread primarily through contaminated water.
Through these diseases are spread either directly or flies or filth, water is the chief medium for spread of these diseases and hence they are termed as water-borne diseases.
Water pollution is the contamination of water by foreign matter such as micro-organisms, industrial or other wastes, or sewage.
Such matter deteriorates the quality of the water and renders it unfit for its intended uses.
12.Effects of water pollution
When pollution makes water unsuitable for drinking, recreation, agriculture and industry, it eventually also diminishes the aesthetic quality of lakes and rivers.
13.Effects of water pollution.
Contaminated water destroys aquatic life and reduces its reproductive abilities, it eventually menaces human health.
14.Effects of water pollution.
Many areas of ground water and surface water are now contaminated with heavy metals, POP (persistent organic pollutants) and nutrients that have an adverse affect on health.
15.Effects of water pollution.
Water-borne diseases are infectious diseases spread primarily through contaminated water.
Through these diseases are spread either directly or flies or filth, water is the chief medium for spread of these diseases and hence they are termed as water-borne diseases.
16.Effects of water pollution
17.Effects of water pollution
18. Effects of water pollution
Pesticides : The organophosphates and the carbonates present in pesticides affect and damage the nervous system and can cause cancer.
Lead: Lead is hazardous to health as it accumulates in the body and affects the central nervous system.
Children and pregnant woman are most at risk.
Pesticides : The organophosphates and the carbonates present in pesticides affect and damage the nervous system and can cause cancer.
Lead: Lead is hazardous to health as it accumulates in the body and affects the central nervous system.
Children and pregnant woman are most at risk.
19.Effects of water pollution
Fluoride: Excess fluorides can cause yellowing of the teeth and damage to the spinal and other crippling diseases.
Nitrates: Drinking water that gets contaminated with nitrates can prove fatal especially to infants.
Fluoride: Excess fluorides can cause yellowing of the teeth and damage to the spinal and other crippling diseases.
Nitrates: Drinking water that gets contaminated with nitrates can prove fatal especially to infants.
20.Effects of water pollution
Petrochemicals: Benzene and other petrochemicals can cause cancer even at low exposure level.
Arsenic: Arsenic poisoning through water can cause liver and nervous system damage, vascular diseases and skin cancer.
Petrochemicals: Benzene and other petrochemicals can cause cancer even at low exposure level.
Arsenic: Arsenic poisoning through water can cause liver and nervous system damage, vascular diseases and skin cancer.
21. Effects of water pollution
Heavy metals: Heavy metals cause damage to the nervous system and the kidney and other metabolic disruptions.
Salts: It makes the fresh water unsuitable for drinking and irrigation purposes.
Heavy metals: Heavy metals cause damage to the nervous system and the kidney and other metabolic disruptions.
Salts: It makes the fresh water unsuitable for drinking and irrigation purposes.
22.Exposure to polluted water can cause
diarrhea,
malaria,
skin irritation,
respiratory problems
and other diseases.
depending on the pollutant that is in the water body.
diarrhea,
malaria,
skin irritation,
respiratory problems
and other diseases.
depending on the pollutant that is in the water body.
23.Water Pollution Control
Recycle materials whose production creates pollution.
Conjunctive use of ground/ surface water, to prevent flooding/water logging/ depletion of water resources.
Segregation of different types of wastes.
Recycle materials whose production creates pollution.
Conjunctive use of ground/ surface water, to prevent flooding/water logging/ depletion of water resources.
Segregation of different types of wastes.
24.Water Pollution Control
The impact due to suspended solids may be minimized by controlling discharge of wastes that contain suspended solids; this includes
sanitary sewage
industrial wastes etc.
Cooling towers can be used to convert once-through systems into closed systems. Treated wastewater (such as sewage, industrial wastes, or stored surface run-offs) can be used as a cooling water make up.
The impact due to suspended solids may be minimized by controlling discharge of wastes that contain suspended solids; this includes
sanitary sewage
industrial wastes etc.
Cooling towers can be used to convert once-through systems into closed systems. Treated wastewater (such as sewage, industrial wastes, or stored surface run-offs) can be used as a cooling water make up.
25.Water Pollution Control
All surface run-offs around mines or quarries should be collected, treated, and disposed.
Waste containing radioactively should be treated separately by means of dewatering procedures, and solids or brine should be disposed off with special care.
All surface run-offs around mines or quarries should be collected, treated, and disposed.
Waste containing radioactively should be treated separately by means of dewatering procedures, and solids or brine should be disposed off with special care.
26.LEGAL STEPS FOR THE CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION IN INDIA
27.A BRIEF HISTORICAL RESUME
Orissa River Pollution Act (1953)
Maharashtra Prevention of Water Pollution Act (1969)
Draft Bill for the Prevention & Control of Water Pollution (1965)
Orissa River Pollution Act (1953)
Maharashtra Prevention of Water Pollution Act (1969)
Draft Bill for the Prevention & Control of Water Pollution (1965)
28.The problem of pollution of rivers and streams has assumed a greater importance and urgency as a result of increased industrialisation and tendency for urbanisation.
Thus necessity for treatment of discharged domestic and industrial effluents before sending to stream gains importance in this context.
Thus necessity for treatment of discharged domestic and industrial effluents before sending to stream gains importance in this context.
29.If not, contaminated streams and water courses which becomes a major source of drinking water, posses a serious threat to human life and marine life.
Also the irrigation ,thereby the economy of the country will be net sufferers.
Also the irrigation ,thereby the economy of the country will be net sufferers.
28.Definitions…………..
Board
Occupier
Sewage effluent
Stream
Trade effluent
Board
Occupier
Sewage effluent
Stream
Trade effluent
29.Indian scenario
In India,
CPCB advice Government on pollution related matters,
Coordinate with State govt for the purpose of technical assistance on abatements,
Lay down safe standards in the state and central sectors,
Plan and cause nation wide programmes .
30.Indian scenario
Water (Prevention and control of water pollution ) Act – 1974 & Rules 1975.
This act talks about,
metering of the water used by the different entities including the industrial consumers,
the returns that to furnished by every consumers
In India,
CPCB advice Government on pollution related matters,
Coordinate with State govt for the purpose of technical assistance on abatements,
Lay down safe standards in the state and central sectors,
Plan and cause nation wide programmes .
30.Indian scenario
Water (Prevention and control of water pollution ) Act – 1974 & Rules 1975.
This act talks about,
metering of the water used by the different entities including the industrial consumers,
the returns that to furnished by every consumers
31.Standard of the meters to be used,
Functions and powers that can be exercised by the central board.
Penalty clauses
Appeal clauses (Section 25 or 27 )
32.Advice central govt. on any matter concerning the prevention and control of water pollution.
Co-ordinate activities and resolve disputes among state boards.
Provide technical assistance to state board to carry out research and investigations.
Functions and powers that can be exercised by the central board.
Penalty clauses
Appeal clauses (Section 25 or 27 )
32.Advice central govt. on any matter concerning the prevention and control of water pollution.
Co-ordinate activities and resolve disputes among state boards.
Provide technical assistance to state board to carry out research and investigations.
33.Plan and organise the training program of personnels involved in various activities concerning prevention and control of water pollution.
Organize mass media awareness programmes.
Organize mass media awareness programmes.
34.The acts & rules demands for the setting up of
SPCBs in each state.
The act provide the industry with permits called consents, which is to be taken by every industry (section 8)
Consents are given for a specific period and are to be renewed every year.
SPCBs in each state.
The act provide the industry with permits called consents, which is to be taken by every industry (section 8)
Consents are given for a specific period and are to be renewed every year.
35.SPCBs has got rights to call off the consents given to any industry if required.
SPCBs tests the standard of the effluents.
They may ask the concerned industry to set up laboratories for testing purpose and also the Effluent Treatment Plants.
SPCBs tests the standard of the effluents.
They may ask the concerned industry to set up laboratories for testing purpose and also the Effluent Treatment Plants.
36.SPCBs are required by the Acts & Rules to evolve economical and reliable treatment methods and techniques depending up on the availability
SPCBs can modify and alter the present standards for sewage and trade effluents
SPCBs can modify and alter the present standards for sewage and trade effluents
37.Salient features of the Consent.
Daily quantity of water utilized, source and purpose.
Daily maximum effluent generated, type of effluent and mode of disposal.
Quality of effluents
Monitoring arrangements
Daily quantity of water utilized, source and purpose.
Daily maximum effluent generated, type of effluent and mode of disposal.
Quality of effluents
Monitoring arrangements
38.Raw materials and chemicals used per month
Process Description
Effluent Treatment process
Solid wastes generated in process and during waste treatment.
39.Water Cess Act – 1977
The Act was made to provide funds for implementation of the Water Act
Cess is levied on the consumer according to the level of consumption.
Returns to be filed by the consumers ( by 5th of every month for preceding month)
Process Description
Effluent Treatment process
Solid wastes generated in process and during waste treatment.
39.Water Cess Act – 1977
The Act was made to provide funds for implementation of the Water Act
Cess is levied on the consumer according to the level of consumption.
Returns to be filed by the consumers ( by 5th of every month for preceding month)
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