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Modelling Tools in Manufacturing Presentation Transcript
1.Modelling Tools in Manufacturing
2.Modelling
The processing of representing a system with a model that is easier to understand than the actual model and less expensive to build.
Purpose of Modelling -
- Understanding the structure of the actual system and its characteristic.
- To be familiar with the model.
The processing of representing a system with a model that is easier to understand than the actual model and less expensive to build.
Purpose of Modelling -
- Understanding the structure of the actual system and its characteristic.
- To be familiar with the model.
3.Modelling includes
- System elements
- Their relationship
- Goal
- Input
- Control
- Output
- System elements
- Their relationship
- Goal
- Input
- Control
- Output
4.System Modelling
System modelling is the transferring the actual system into model that can be used to analysis and system improvement.
System modelling is the transferring the actual system into model that can be used to analysis and system improvement.
5.Types of Model
6.Physical Model
Physical model is the prototype of the actual product or process.
It provides direct representation of the system.
eg. Stream and Dam model to simulate rate of out flow.
Physical model is the prototype of the actual product or process.
It provides direct representation of the system.
eg. Stream and Dam model to simulate rate of out flow.
7.Graphical Model
Graphical model is an abstraction of the actual product using graphical tools.
eg. System layout, flow diagram, block diagram, network diagram, process map.
Graphical model is an abstraction of the actual product using graphical tools.
eg. System layout, flow diagram, block diagram, network diagram, process map.
8.Mathematical Model
Mathematical model includes formulas and mathematical equations to represent system behavior.
eg. Linear programming model for capital budgeting, EOQ model, queuing model.
Mathematical model includes formulas and mathematical equations to represent system behavior.
eg. Linear programming model for capital budgeting, EOQ model, queuing model.
9.Computer Model
Computer model includes numerical, logical and graphical representation of a system.
eg. Computer simulation are developed by different programs and software tools.
Computer model includes numerical, logical and graphical representation of a system.
eg. Computer simulation are developed by different programs and software tools.
10.Modelling Tools
Modelling tools are the software package that are used to make a prototype of the product or system.
Modelling tools are utilized in the conceptualization, design and documentation of the product.
Modelling tools are the software package that are used to make a prototype of the product or system.
Modelling tools are utilized in the conceptualization, design and documentation of the product.
11.Types of Modelling Tools
There are various types of modelling tools some important tools are –
- Auto CAD
- ProE
- SolidWorks
- ANSYS
- Unigraphics
- Solid Edge
There are various types of modelling tools some important tools are –
- Auto CAD
- ProE
- SolidWorks
- ANSYS
- Unigraphics
- Solid Edge
12.SIMULATION
Simulations are widely used in some areas such as material handling.
Simulations and dynamic model both will be used interchangeably.
Simulation is generally at its early stage at most companies for the design and development of the manufacturing system.
Simulations are widely used in some areas such as material handling.
Simulations and dynamic model both will be used interchangeably.
Simulation is generally at its early stage at most companies for the design and development of the manufacturing system.
13.Advantages of Simulations
It controls risk.
It performs experiments faster than real life.
It solves problems during design phase rather than implementation.
It improves quality.
It provides flexibility.
It creates a systems view.
It controls risk.
It performs experiments faster than real life.
It solves problems during design phase rather than implementation.
It improves quality.
It provides flexibility.
It creates a systems view.
14.Drawbacks of Simulation
It takes time and money.
Simulation tools are sometimes difficult to use.
Data is difficult to obtain.
Models are too complex.
It takes time and money.
Simulation tools are sometimes difficult to use.
Data is difficult to obtain.
Models are too complex.
15.Different approaches of Simulations
16. Prediction
In this approach the simulation is used to get an accurate prediction of a future situation.
The objective is to verify the way a system will behave and possibly modify the design of the system to get the desired behavior.
In this approach the simulation is used to get an accurate prediction of a future situation.
The objective is to verify the way a system will behave and possibly modify the design of the system to get the desired behavior.
17.Understanding
In this approach the simulation is merely viewed as a way to better understand a system.
The interaction of different elements, the implications of some decisions are the object of the simulation
In this approach the simulation is merely viewed as a way to better understand a system.
The interaction of different elements, the implications of some decisions are the object of the simulation
18.Physical industrial design models
Complex three dimensional form represents by sketching to a 2D paper.
The designer may use 2D sketches as a guide to interactive design development.
2D renderings offer a cost effective way but as a 2D medium they are incapable to proceed directly to tooling.
Complex three dimensional form represents by sketching to a 2D paper.
The designer may use 2D sketches as a guide to interactive design development.
2D renderings offer a cost effective way but as a 2D medium they are incapable to proceed directly to tooling.
19.Therefore we use standard practice to produce a block model as an accurate 3D representation.
The block model is produced because it is necessary due to the complexity of product.
By closely overseeing block model production, the industrial designer can maintain the interactive inputs necessary to ensure a successful outcome.
The block model is produced because it is necessary due to the complexity of product.
By closely overseeing block model production, the industrial designer can maintain the interactive inputs necessary to ensure a successful outcome.
20.Block models are generally seen as the conclusion of an industrial design input as they accurately define the product form and use.
Detailed tooling drawings that specify internal detail can be produced by taking the industrial designer’s layout drawings or by transposing dimensions directly from the model. In effect, the product is redrawn in greater detail by a third party.
21.Virtual industrial design models
Computer aided industrial design (CAID) is the activity of 3D modelling for industrial design purposes that utilizes specialized computer hardware and software technology.
2D computer modelling developed into 3D modelling.
Detailed tooling drawings that specify internal detail can be produced by taking the industrial designer’s layout drawings or by transposing dimensions directly from the model. In effect, the product is redrawn in greater detail by a third party.
21.Virtual industrial design models
Computer aided industrial design (CAID) is the activity of 3D modelling for industrial design purposes that utilizes specialized computer hardware and software technology.
2D computer modelling developed into 3D modelling.
22.
Software products have been created specifically for the industrial designer which enable the modelling, manipulation and visualization of 3D forms within the computer environment.
These digital models do not have any physical presence and are called as ‘virtual’ models.
Software products have been created specifically for the industrial designer which enable the modelling, manipulation and visualization of 3D forms within the computer environment.
These digital models do not have any physical presence and are called as ‘virtual’ models.
23.CAID applications such as Swivel 3D have been used for five years to present product proposals to clients in the form of 2D images, either still or animated.
CAID applications similar to Swivel 3D is Apple Macintosh II family.
24.The industrial designer manipulates virtual 3D forms, via the computer screen and input devices such as keyboard and mouse, to create the final desired form.
Alias Studio, Evans & Sutherland CDRS and DeskArtes are the another examples of CAID tools. These are the advanced computer aided engineering (CAE) modelling tools. These tools need powerful workstation computers and hardwares.
CAID applications similar to Swivel 3D is Apple Macintosh II family.
24.The industrial designer manipulates virtual 3D forms, via the computer screen and input devices such as keyboard and mouse, to create the final desired form.
Alias Studio, Evans & Sutherland CDRS and DeskArtes are the another examples of CAID tools. These are the advanced computer aided engineering (CAE) modelling tools. These tools need powerful workstation computers and hardwares.
25.Advanced computer aided engineering and computer aided manufacturing (CAM) applications can make full use of a high-level CAID model.
The virtual model will become increasingly important for industry because of its feature that design work can be carried out concurrently rather than sequentially.
The virtual model will become increasingly important for industry because of its feature that design work can be carried out concurrently rather than sequentially.
26.The implication of using an NPD (new product development ) program based on the use of digital models is that there is no requirement to have a physical model.
Physical models have a crucial part to play in industrial design activity, when the marketing function of a company is preparing to authorize further design, development and production work.
Physical models have a crucial part to play in industrial design activity, when the marketing function of a company is preparing to authorize further design, development and production work.
27.There is thus seen to be an incompatibility between the physical models needed by the marketing and industrial design stages of a traditional new product development (NPD) process and the digital product models used by future computer-based NPD systems.
28.Rapid Prototyping
The new technologies of rapid prototyping (RP) are offering the possibilities of generating physical models quickly from a virtual computer model at any stage in the NPD process.
To cut the form from solid material using CNC RP is quick and relatively straightforward than methods of generating physical models.
28.Rapid Prototyping
The new technologies of rapid prototyping (RP) are offering the possibilities of generating physical models quickly from a virtual computer model at any stage in the NPD process.
To cut the form from solid material using CNC RP is quick and relatively straightforward than methods of generating physical models.
29.RP machines are used in some process like stereolithography, laminated object manufacture, fused deposition modelling, selective laser sintering, and solid ground curing.
As stereolithography is currently the most established and widely used rapid prototyping technique.
As stereolithography is currently the most established and widely used rapid prototyping technique.
30.The basic principle of stereolithography involves the hardening of a photosensitive polymer resin by an ultraviolet light source that is generated by a precisely focused laser, its position controlled from the digital model data.
Stereolithography is principally used by the automotive and aerospace industry for the production of complex forms. Applications include fit and function assessment and use as master patterns to produce cast components in a material.
Stereolithography is principally used by the automotive and aerospace industry for the production of complex forms. Applications include fit and function assessment and use as master patterns to produce cast components in a material.
31.The equipment used a vat of liquid polymer suspended on a table that can move vertically.
The laser light is projected onto the surface of the polymer from above.
Prototype models are built up in layers.
The laser light is projected onto the surface of the polymer from above.
Prototype models are built up in layers.
32.When a layer has been created the table moves down (typically 0.13mm) and another layer is hardened.
Slowly, as the table descends into the vat, the model builds up into the component as displayed on the computer screen.
When the model is completed it can be removed from the table, any residual resin is removed using an alcohol based solvent.
Slowly, as the table descends into the vat, the model builds up into the component as displayed on the computer screen.
When the model is completed it can be removed from the table, any residual resin is removed using an alcohol based solvent.
33.The next operation is to fully harden the polymer by placing the model in an ultraviolet oven.
The surface finish of these models is dependent on the depth of each step of the table.
Thus in this process we use computer (virtual model) to give the movement to the table (physical model).
The surface finish of these models is dependent on the depth of each step of the table.
Thus in this process we use computer (virtual model) to give the movement to the table (physical model).
34.Conclusions
The paper has investigated one aspect of the issues that surround the use of computer technology for industrial design activity. There is perceived to be a mismatch between the virtual or digital product model which is the basis for computer based NPD systems and the physical model which is recognized as necessary at some point in the industrial design stage of NPD.
The paper has investigated one aspect of the issues that surround the use of computer technology for industrial design activity. There is perceived to be a mismatch between the virtual or digital product model which is the basis for computer based NPD systems and the physical model which is recognized as necessary at some point in the industrial design stage of NPD.
35.References
The future role of virtual and physical modelling in industrial design
(Mark Evans and Paul Wormald)
Department of Design and Technology, Loughborough University
Modelling and analysis applications in manufacturing system design and development
(Pierre E. Brunet)
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Paris (1992)
The future role of virtual and physical modelling in industrial design
(Mark Evans and Paul Wormald)
Department of Design and Technology, Loughborough University
Modelling and analysis applications in manufacturing system design and development
(Pierre E. Brunet)
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Paris (1992)
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