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1.POWER SCENARIO IN INDIA
2.POWER SCENARIO
POWER or ELECTRICITY critical infrastructural component for multidimensional growth and basic human need
Reliable and quality power at competitive rates to Indian industry - important for global competition.
Clean and Green Sustainable Power – need of the day.
Energy Security
POWER or ELECTRICITY critical infrastructural component for multidimensional growth and basic human need
Reliable and quality power at competitive rates to Indian industry - important for global competition.
Clean and Green Sustainable Power – need of the day.
Energy Security
3.EVOLUTION OF POWER SECTOR
4.POWER SECTOR-AN OVERVIEW
Electricity - ‘Concurrent Subject’ : joint responsibility of State and Central Governments.
Bulk of transmission and distribution functions with State Utilities.
Private sector - small presence in Distribution and making entry into Transmission.
Electricity - ‘Concurrent Subject’ : joint responsibility of State and Central Governments.
Bulk of transmission and distribution functions with State Utilities.
Private sector - small presence in Distribution and making entry into Transmission.
5.POWER SECTOR-AN OVERVIEW Conventional Generation - blend of thermal, hydro and nuclear sources.
Coal based thermal power plants and in some regions hydro power plants - mainstay of electricity generation.
Oil, natural gas and nuclear power accounts for smaller proportion of power.
Emphasis also on non-conventional energy sources i.e. solar, wind, biogas and tidal.
Captive power plants being encouraged to supply surplus power to Grid.
Coal based thermal power plants and in some regions hydro power plants - mainstay of electricity generation.
Oil, natural gas and nuclear power accounts for smaller proportion of power.
Emphasis also on non-conventional energy sources i.e. solar, wind, biogas and tidal.
Captive power plants being encouraged to supply surplus power to Grid.
6.GROWTH OF INSTALLED GENERATING CAPACITY IN INDIA
7. COUNTRY’S SHARE OF COAL IN TOTAL POWER GENERATION AND INSTALLED CAPACITY OVER YEARS
8.ALL INDIA PLF (%) OF THERMAL POWER STATIONS (COAL AND LIGNITE BASED)
9.MAJOR LEGISLATIVE / POLICY INITIATIVES OF GOVERNMENT
10.NATIONAL ELECTRICITY POLICY – THE WAY FORWARD
Access to electricity for all households in next 5 years.
Availability of power on demand to be fully met by 2012
Energy shortage and peaking shortage to be overcome by providing adequate spinning reserves
Reliability and quality of power to be supplied in efficient manner .
Electricity Sector to achieve financial turnaround and commercial viability
Consumers’ interests to be accorded top priority.
Access to electricity for all households in next 5 years.
Availability of power on demand to be fully met by 2012
Energy shortage and peaking shortage to be overcome by providing adequate spinning reserves
Reliability and quality of power to be supplied in efficient manner .
Electricity Sector to achieve financial turnaround and commercial viability
Consumers’ interests to be accorded top priority.
11.NATIONAL ELECTRICITY POLICY - ENCOURAGING PRIVATE PARTICIPATION
Competition encouraged - to bring significant benefit to consumers
Guidelines for competitive bidding issued by Government in January,2005.
Role of private participation in generation, transmission and distribution to become increasingly critical in view of rapidly growing investment needs.
Central and State Governments to develop workable and successful models for public private partnership.
Special mechanisms to be created to encourage private investment in transmission sector
Competition encouraged - to bring significant benefit to consumers
Guidelines for competitive bidding issued by Government in January,2005.
Role of private participation in generation, transmission and distribution to become increasingly critical in view of rapidly growing investment needs.
Central and State Governments to develop workable and successful models for public private partnership.
Special mechanisms to be created to encourage private investment in transmission sector
12.Private Sector participation in distribution encouraged for achieving requisite reduction in T&D losses and improving quality of service to consumer
Multi Year tariff framework- important structural incentive to minimize risks for utilities and consumers, promote efficiency and rapid reduction of system losses.
Competition through concept of multiple licensees in same area through their independent distribution system
13.Electricity Act & National Electricity Policy mandates non-discriminatory open access in transmission and, in phases in distribution.
Respective State Regulatory Commissions to facilitative framework for open access.
Well planned and strong transmission and distribution system to ensure optimal utilization of transmission capacities
Would facilitate achieving objective of cost effective delivery of power.
Distribution reform - key to long term sustainability of the power sector.
Multi Year tariff framework- important structural incentive to minimize risks for utilities and consumers, promote efficiency and rapid reduction of system losses.
Competition through concept of multiple licensees in same area through their independent distribution system
13.Electricity Act & National Electricity Policy mandates non-discriminatory open access in transmission and, in phases in distribution.
Respective State Regulatory Commissions to facilitative framework for open access.
Well planned and strong transmission and distribution system to ensure optimal utilization of transmission capacities
Would facilitate achieving objective of cost effective delivery of power.
Distribution reform - key to long term sustainability of the power sector.
14.PRESENT POWER SCENARIO
15.INSTALLED CAPACITY IN THE COUNTRY
16.Largest unit size in 1950-30 MW
First re-heat unit of 82.5 MW in 1966 at Bandel TPS
First 200 MW unit at Obra TPS in 1977
First 500 MW unit at Trombay in 1984
Committee constituted by CEA recommended 800 to 1000 MW unit size in future
In 11th Plan 800/660 MW units planned
First re-heat unit of 82.5 MW in 1966 at Bandel TPS
First 200 MW unit at Obra TPS in 1977
First 500 MW unit at Trombay in 1984
Committee constituted by CEA recommended 800 to 1000 MW unit size in future
In 11th Plan 800/660 MW units planned
17.PREVAILING UNIT SIZES IN INDIA
18. Details of IC of renewable energy sources
19.TRANSMISSION & NATIONAL GRID
Development in a phased manner – commensurate with generation / load growth.
Economy in generation through efficient transmission
Conservation of Right-of-Way
In forest areas with rich flora & fauna, construction of lines with high towers / high voltage rating – leading to reduced forest cutting.
High capacity lines (HVDC & 765 kV)
Development in a phased manner – commensurate with generation / load growth.
Economy in generation through efficient transmission
Conservation of Right-of-Way
In forest areas with rich flora & fauna, construction of lines with high towers / high voltage rating – leading to reduced forest cutting.
High capacity lines (HVDC & 765 kV)
20.EVOLUTION OF ELECTRIC GRID
21.BENEFITS OF NATIONAL GRID
22.Security and Reliability enhanced by reduction in number of grid disturbances
23.Development of Transmission Voltages Levels
132 kV Highest level at the time of Independence
Iintroduction of 220 kV in 1960
400 kV in 1977
HVDC back-to-back link in 1989,
500kV, HVDC bi-pole line in 1990
765 kV transmission line from 2000 onwards.
132 kV Highest level at the time of Independence
Iintroduction of 220 kV in 1960
400 kV in 1977
HVDC back-to-back link in 1989,
500kV, HVDC bi-pole line in 1990
765 kV transmission line from 2000 onwards.
24.GROWTH OF HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSMISSION LINKS
25.PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION OF ELECTRICITY IN INDIA
26.STATUS OF POWER SECTOR
Country facing energy shortage of 9.8% and peak shortage of 16.6% (2007-08).
As per Census 2001, only about 56% of households have access to electricity, with rural access being 44% and urban access about 82%.
Annual per capita consumption about 704 kWh as against world average of about ~2400 KWh.
Country facing energy shortage of 9.8% and peak shortage of 16.6% (2007-08).
As per Census 2001, only about 56% of households have access to electricity, with rural access being 44% and urban access about 82%.
Annual per capita consumption about 704 kWh as against world average of about ~2400 KWh.
27.ACTUAL POWER SUPPLY POSITION OF THE COUNTRY (2007-08)
28.ACTUAL POWER SUPPLY POSITION OF THE COUNTRY (April,08-August,08)
29.CAPTIVE POWER
30.MAJOR PROBLEMS OF POWER SECTOR
Inadequate power generation capacity
Lack of optimum utilization of the existing generation capacity
Inadequate inter-regional transmission links
Inadequate and ageing sub-transmission & distribution network
31.MAJOR PROBLEMS OF POWER SECTOR
High T&D losses, large scale theft and skewed tariff structure
Slow pace of rural electrification
Inefficient use of electricity by end consumer
Lack of grid discipline
Inadequate power generation capacity
Lack of optimum utilization of the existing generation capacity
Inadequate inter-regional transmission links
Inadequate and ageing sub-transmission & distribution network
31.MAJOR PROBLEMS OF POWER SECTOR
High T&D losses, large scale theft and skewed tariff structure
Slow pace of rural electrification
Inefficient use of electricity by end consumer
Lack of grid discipline
32.CAPACITY ADDITION PLANNING FOR 11TH AND 12TH PLAN
33.10TH PLAN –TARGET AND ACTUAL CAPACITY ADDITION
34.MAJOR REASONS FOR SLIPPAGES FROM 10th PLAN (MW)
35.Major Steps of Integrated approach
Capacity Addition from Conventional fuel based plants complemented by Renewable Energy based plants to extent possible.
National Electricity Plan based on Conventional Energy Sources with priority to Hydro and Nuclear plants
Strategies/ Initiatives being taken/ required to be taken for low carbon growth i.e. Introduction of Clean Coal Technologies (Supercritical Technology, Ultra supercritical technology, IGCC),
Other measures to reduce pollution i.e. Reduction in T&D losses, R&M of Old thermal power projects, Retirement of old and small size generating units, Coal quality improvement
Capacity Addition from Conventional fuel based plants complemented by Renewable Energy based plants to extent possible.
National Electricity Plan based on Conventional Energy Sources with priority to Hydro and Nuclear plants
Strategies/ Initiatives being taken/ required to be taken for low carbon growth i.e. Introduction of Clean Coal Technologies (Supercritical Technology, Ultra supercritical technology, IGCC),
Other measures to reduce pollution i.e. Reduction in T&D losses, R&M of Old thermal power projects, Retirement of old and small size generating units, Coal quality improvement
36.POWER GENERATION - STRATEGY
37.Renewable energy sources to be made economically viable- At present can play dominant role in meeting remote located demands where not economic to extend the grid.
Coal based power projects expected to be main stay of Indian Power Sector for next 50-70 years. Continuous efforts directed at generating maximum energy from each tonne of coal with minimum effect on environment
Coal based power projects expected to be main stay of Indian Power Sector for next 50-70 years. Continuous efforts directed at generating maximum energy from each tonne of coal with minimum effect on environment
38.Development of Hydro Power projects
39.DEMAND AND CAPACITY REQUIREMENT
40. CAPACITY ADDITION TARGETTED FOR 11th PLAN (SECTORWISE)
41.FEASIBLE CAPACITY ADDITION FOR 11th PLAN – 77,070* MW
42.11TH PLAN TARGET AND STATUS
43.INTERNATIONAL CONCLAVE ON KEY INPUTS
44.MAJOR ISSUES AND CONSTRAINTS TO BE ADDRESSED
Manufacturing Capability/ Availability of Main Plant and
Balance Of Plant Equipment
Constraints in supply of main equipment for thermal capacity as well as in supply of balance of plant like Coal Handling plant, Water treatment plants, Ash Handling, CW Pumps etc.
Need to develop additional domestic players to adequately meet additional demand and promote competition.
Manufacturing Capability/ Availability of Main Plant and
Balance Of Plant Equipment
Constraints in supply of main equipment for thermal capacity as well as in supply of balance of plant like Coal Handling plant, Water treatment plants, Ash Handling, CW Pumps etc.
Need to develop additional domestic players to adequately meet additional demand and promote competition.
45.MAJOR ISSUES AND CONSTRAINTS TO BE ADDRESSED
46.Construction and Erection Agencies & Equipment
Augmentation required in number of construction agencies undertaking Civil & E&M works at power plants - Limited contractors in erection of cooling towers, Chimneys , tunneling, dam construction etc.
Serious efforts needed by major power companies to develop vendors for supply and erection of equipment and for taking up civil construction.
New technologies and Use of latest construction machinery for hydro projects required for fast progress in construction.
Augmentation required in number of construction agencies undertaking Civil & E&M works at power plants - Limited contractors in erection of cooling towers, Chimneys , tunneling, dam construction etc.
Serious efforts needed by major power companies to develop vendors for supply and erection of equipment and for taking up civil construction.
New technologies and Use of latest construction machinery for hydro projects required for fast progress in construction.
47.MAJOR ISSUES AND CONSTRAINTS TO BE ADDRESSED
48. Transmission & Distribution Equipment
Need for capacity building for transmission and distribution system including supply of equipment and execution of works - Substantial augmentation in manufacturing capacity of transformers; Need for indigenous manufacturing capacity for 765 KV voltage level equipment, increasing test facilities, online test facilities and mobile repair facilities.
Strengthening of erection and commissioning teams and development of new vendors
Increase in demand of CRGO
Shortage of indigenous materials and Equipment viz. meters, single phase distribution transformers and switchgears, OLTC and bushings.
Franchisees to be developed in rural areas and local community to be trained.
More agencies required for turnkey execution of projects.
Installation of LT Capacitors to be speeded up.
Need for capacity building for transmission and distribution system including supply of equipment and execution of works - Substantial augmentation in manufacturing capacity of transformers; Need for indigenous manufacturing capacity for 765 KV voltage level equipment, increasing test facilities, online test facilities and mobile repair facilities.
Strengthening of erection and commissioning teams and development of new vendors
Increase in demand of CRGO
Shortage of indigenous materials and Equipment viz. meters, single phase distribution transformers and switchgears, OLTC and bushings.
Franchisees to be developed in rural areas and local community to be trained.
More agencies required for turnkey execution of projects.
Installation of LT Capacitors to be speeded up.
49. Critical Key Inputs
To encourage domestic steel producers for production of CRGO
Advanced planning for material to be imported
CRGO to be exempt from custom duty
Detailed analysis by Planning Commission to assess requirement of various key input considering requirement of all sectors of economy
Manpower Development & Training
CEA has taken up with project developers and major EPC contractors to adopt ITI in vicinity of projects to build up skilled manpower pool for Power Sector to be utilized by them.
Quick implementation of National Training Policy’s recommendation -allocation of separate funds of 1.5% of salary budget - gradually increase to 5% for meeting training needs
Man power requirement during 11th Plan is 1 Million for Construction and O& M
To encourage domestic steel producers for production of CRGO
Advanced planning for material to be imported
CRGO to be exempt from custom duty
Detailed analysis by Planning Commission to assess requirement of various key input considering requirement of all sectors of economy
Manpower Development & Training
CEA has taken up with project developers and major EPC contractors to adopt ITI in vicinity of projects to build up skilled manpower pool for Power Sector to be utilized by them.
Quick implementation of National Training Policy’s recommendation -allocation of separate funds of 1.5% of salary budget - gradually increase to 5% for meeting training needs
Man power requirement during 11th Plan is 1 Million for Construction and O& M
50. Delays in clearances
Testing facilities to be increased and CPRI to play a proactive
Testing facilities to be increased and CPRI to play a proactive
51.11th Plan tentative targets for grid interactive renewable power
52.Village Electrification
Number of villages electrified increased from 3061 in 1950 to about 4,88,655 in 2008 (as on 31.07.08, 82.3% village electrification).
Number of villages electrified increased from 3061 in 1950 to about 4,88,655 in 2008 (as on 31.07.08, 82.3% village electrification).
53.Renewable Energy Sources during 12th Plan
Capacity addition during 12th Plan expected to be more than 11th Plan due to incentives by MNRE for setting up of Solar and Wind power plants
Considering at least 14,000 MW during 12th Plan also, by 12th Plan end about 38,000 MW Renewable power expected.
Assuming PLF of 20 %, generation about 67 BU.
This energy considered while planning for 12th Plan
Capacity addition during 12th Plan expected to be more than 11th Plan due to incentives by MNRE for setting up of Solar and Wind power plants
Considering at least 14,000 MW during 12th Plan also, by 12th Plan end about 38,000 MW Renewable power expected.
Assuming PLF of 20 %, generation about 67 BU.
This energy considered while planning for 12th Plan
54.12th Plan Tentative Capacity Addition
Demand as per 17th EPS – Energy Requirement – 13,92,066 BU; Peak Demand- 2,18,209 MW
Spinning Reserve – 5% as per National Electricity Policy. Capacity corresponding to 3000 MW and 1600 MW also worked out
25,000 MW Hydro and 8,500 MW Nuclear as must run stations.
As result of studies 12th Plan total Generating capacity 94,431 which includes 61,171 MW thermal.(28,190 MW PH, 15,495 MW LC, 14,800 MW Coastal)
Capacity with 1600 MW S.R.- 81,570 MW; 3000MW S.R. – 82,970 MW
Fuel consumption(2016-17) – Coal 815 MT, Lignite 60 MT
All India Studies for 5% S.R: LOLP – 0.18%; ENS – 0.00% (Norms – LOLP-1% & ENS- 0.15%)
Demand as per 17th EPS – Energy Requirement – 13,92,066 BU; Peak Demand- 2,18,209 MW
Spinning Reserve – 5% as per National Electricity Policy. Capacity corresponding to 3000 MW and 1600 MW also worked out
25,000 MW Hydro and 8,500 MW Nuclear as must run stations.
As result of studies 12th Plan total Generating capacity 94,431 which includes 61,171 MW thermal.(28,190 MW PH, 15,495 MW LC, 14,800 MW Coastal)
Capacity with 1600 MW S.R.- 81,570 MW; 3000MW S.R. – 82,970 MW
Fuel consumption(2016-17) – Coal 815 MT, Lignite 60 MT
All India Studies for 5% S.R: LOLP – 0.18%; ENS – 0.00% (Norms – LOLP-1% & ENS- 0.15%)
55.13th Plan Tentative Capacity Expansion
ASSUMPTIONS
17th EPS Demand – Energy Requirement- 19,14,508 MU; Peak Demand- 2,98,253 MW
Spinning Reserve - 5% .
Beginning of 13th Plan 37,014 MW Coal & Lignite based capacity more than 27 yrs old. (5,634 MW capacity upto 100 MW unit size and 31,380 MW capacity greater than 100 MW unit size)
Studies indicate 13th Plan capacity addition-1,05,060 MW (Hydro-34,500 MW, Nuclear -8,000 MW, Thermal -62,560 MW including 6000 MW gas)
LOLP-0.18 % and ENS-0.007 %, Reliability Criteria met.
ASSUMPTIONS
17th EPS Demand – Energy Requirement- 19,14,508 MU; Peak Demand- 2,98,253 MW
Spinning Reserve - 5% .
Beginning of 13th Plan 37,014 MW Coal & Lignite based capacity more than 27 yrs old. (5,634 MW capacity upto 100 MW unit size and 31,380 MW capacity greater than 100 MW unit size)
Studies indicate 13th Plan capacity addition-1,05,060 MW (Hydro-34,500 MW, Nuclear -8,000 MW, Thermal -62,560 MW including 6000 MW gas)
LOLP-0.18 % and ENS-0.007 %, Reliability Criteria met.
56.STRATEGIES FOR CLEAN AND GREEN ENVIRONMENT
57.Existing status of CO2 per capita emission – different countries
58. Clean Coal technologies
Supercritical Technology – 2% efficiency gain possible
Ultra Supercritical Technology –additional efficiency 0.75% over 800 MW supercritical
Integrated Gasification Technology – higher efficiency of 40-45%
Reduction in T & D losses – All India T&D losses- 28.65% in 2006-07. Aim to bring down to 15%
R & M of old thermal power stations – Benefits of CDM to be extended to overcome fund constraints
Energy Efficiency improvement
Supercritical Technology – 2% efficiency gain possible
Ultra Supercritical Technology –additional efficiency 0.75% over 800 MW supercritical
Integrated Gasification Technology – higher efficiency of 40-45%
Reduction in T & D losses – All India T&D losses- 28.65% in 2006-07. Aim to bring down to 15%
R & M of old thermal power stations – Benefits of CDM to be extended to overcome fund constraints
Energy Efficiency improvement
59.Clean coal technologies( CCT) – have pollution abatement in energy conversion process so external environmental control equipments not required
60.UNIT-WISE DETAILS OF I.C (coal + lignite)( as on 31/3/2007)
61.Sub-critical units in 10th, 11th , 12th, 13th & 14th Plans
62.Super-critical units in 10th , 11th , 12th , 13th & 14th Plans
63.Comparison of Sub-critical/Super critical Capacity In Various Plans (MW)
64.ALL INDIA EFFICIENCY AND EMISSION RATES
All India thermal efficiency – 32.44% (2006-07)
(coal & lignite based plants)
Present weighted average CO2 emission rate (t CO2 /MWh) (including imports) : 0.80 (2006-07)
All India thermal efficiency – 32.44% (2006-07)
(coal & lignite based plants)
Present weighted average CO2 emission rate (t CO2 /MWh) (including imports) : 0.80 (2006-07)
65.Likely Coal Based Capacity Addition & Expected Emission
66.Requirement Of Planning Process
67.Planning Models In CEA
Integrated System Planning (ISPLAN)
Expansion Generation Electric Analysis System (EGEAS)
Multysym Model
Integrated System Planning (ISPLAN)
Expansion Generation Electric Analysis System (EGEAS)
Multysym Model
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