PPT ON THERMAL POWER STATIONS

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THERMAL POWER STATIONS  Presentation Transcript

1.THERMAL POWER STATIONS

2.AUDIT FOCUS
CW / CT system and condenser vacuum being focal points for energy audit study, the various improvement issues addressed in the CW audit include ;
Cleanliness of tube surfaces
Tube leakages
High inlet water temperature
CW flow adequacy

3.Heat Rate Vs Condenser Back Pressure

4.Heat Rate Vs Condenser Back Pressure

5.Condenser  Performance Improvement Techniques  
Many Factors affect Condenser performance
 CW inlet temperature
 CW flow passing through the Condenser
 Air ingress into the vacuum system
 Heat Rejection into the Condenser
 Fouling / Scaling of Condenser tubes

6.EFFECT OF COLD WATER TEMPERATURE

7.CONDENSER
POSSIBLE PROBLEMS
FOULING
INCREASE IN PRESSURE DROP ACROSS CONDENSER
REDUCED C.W.FLOW
INCREASE IN TTD
INCREASE IN TEMPERATURE RISE
IMPROVE THE CHLORINATION PARTICULARLY IN CT     SYSTEM

8.CONDENSER POSSIBLE PROBLEMS Contd.
SCALING
INCREASE IN PRESSURE DROP ACROSS CONDENSER
REDUCED C.W.FLOW
INCREASE IN TTD
INCREASE IN TEMPERATURE RISE
CHECK AND CONTROL WATER CHEMISTRY
AIR INGRESS
AIR LEAKAGES IN TO THE SYSTEM
BACK PRESSURE INCREASES

9.Condenser Tube Cleaning by
Water Powered Cleaners

10.Assumptions    

11.    CW Pump Related
Measurement of Cooling Water Flow
Efficiency of CW pumps
Fore bay level inadequacy
Mains frequency related
CW flow tapping for other purposes
Parallel operations and effects

12.Approach, range of cooling towers
L/G ratio of cooling towers
CT fan blade angle
Drift Losses
Make up & Blow down
Quality of Cooling Water and COC improvement
CT fan blade material such as FRP/GRP, etc.

13.    Overall Optimization related such as ;
Optimize CW pump operations with respect to thermal load
Optimizing L/G ratios during various seasons
Optimize CW pump efficiency through need based maintenance, retrofit, replacement options.
Optimize condenser operations through O & M

14.    Based on NPC experiences at various plants
The following steps are envisaged as illustrative help tools for the CW / CT audit teams in conduct of energy audit in thermal power plants and GT based combined cycle plants.

15.    Scope of Audit
The scope of audit pertains to Energy Audit of Cooling Water System including Cooling Towers & Condenser is made into systems as given below :

16.Main Objectives
Consumption of circulating water flow
Performance of CW pumps w.r.t. CW flow
CT effectiveness and L/G ratio
Performance of condenser w.r.t. heat load and vacuum and CW pressure drop across condenser.
Comparison of measured performance with reference to designed / rated values.
Recommendations based on the performance of the above system.

17.Discussion with operation, Electrical Maintenance, Mechanical Maintenance, C&I and Chemistry
Selection of equipments and instruments for power measurement for CW pumps & CT fans
Data collection based on power measurement, DBT / WBT measurement for cooling performance, UCB data collection for heat load calculation
Analysis of data
Calculation of performance to determine key indicators for assessing the performance of various systems.

18.Selection of appropriate time for conducting audit.
Selection of units for audit.
Selection of equipments & instruments for measurement.
Calibration of instruments for pressure & temperature measurement in DAS.
Assistance from O & M personnel.
Design / rated parameters from technical operating manuals, equipments name plates, etc.

19.    DESIGN DATA COLLECTION

20.    DESIGN DATA – WATER SIDE

21.    WATER CHEMISTRY  - DESIGN VALUES

22.    Equipments & Measurements

23.    AUDIT DATA COLLECTION

24.SAMPLE DATA SHEET – 1

25.FORMULAE USED FOR CALCULATIONS - A

26.FORMULAE USED FOR CALCULATIONS - A

27.FORMULAE USED FOR CALCULATIONS - B

28.FORMULAE USED FOR CALCULATION - C

29.COC is defined as the ratio of total dissolved solids in basin water to TDS in makeup water.

30.Cooling Towers

31.SAMPLE CALCULATION SHEET FOR CONDENSER HEAT LOAD CALCULATION

32.SAMPLE CALCULATION SHEET FOR CONDENSER HEAT LOAD CALCULATION

33.CW Flow Based on Condenser Load

34.SAMPLE CW PUMP DUTY ASSESSMENT

35.SAMPLE FLOW BALANCE OF CW PUMP BY MOTOR LOADING

36.Performance of CW Pumps

37.SAMPLE CT PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT

38.SAMPLE CT SYSTEM KEY INDICATORS

39.ILLUSTRATIVE COMPARISON : CONDENSER VACUUM AND CW FLOW CHARACTERISTICS

40.ILLUSTRATIVE COMPARISON : CW PUMP PERFORMANCE

41.ILLUSTRATIVE COMPARISON : CT FAN PERFORMANCE

42.ILLUSTRATIVE COMPARISON : COOLING TOWER PERFORMANCE

43.ILLUSTRATIVE COMPARISON : COOLING TOWER PERFORMANCE

44.CONCLUSIONS
The audit conclusions are site specific and situation specific.  The menu of recommendations substantiated adequately are most likely to  include ;
Timely descaling of condensers
Ensuring adequacy of CW flow through condensers
Improving operational energy efficiency of CW pumps by maintenance or retrofit or replacement options
Tuning of CT operations for achieving best CT range, L/G ratio, approach for given loading, ambient conditions.
Water quality improvements and design COC improvements.
Debottlenecking of any O & M constraints
Improvements in instrumentation and MIS for enabling continuous efforts by O &  M and O & E teams.